Ötzi - a wanderer of the Stone Age

Ötzi - a wanderer of the Stone Age

On September 19, 1991 hikers found a body in the Ötztal Alps. Initially it was thought that the man had crashed shortly. But it soon became clear that the mummy was over 5000 years now. A sensation! Not only the clothes the body, but the team and man of the Stone Age were well preserved.

Quick was the dead man nicknamed "Iceman" after his place in the Ötztal Alps. English also called "ice man" or "Frozen Fritz. " Research with the radiocarbon method (explanation at end of article) indicate that the Iceman is about 5000 years old, therefore BC 3000th lived. That was the moment that began the planning and construction of the first pyramids in Egypt!

Our forefather of the glacier
In the ice Similaun body through five millennia, has been well preserved. Only the melting of glaciers to climate warming strong in recent years was the mummy revealed. To research the past, this discovery provides a great improvement. Before found Ötzi, had been only a few fragments of bones of people of the Stone Age are available. Now an almost perfectly preserved human.

And he saw:
Clothing
The man's clothes was entirely in leather, leather and grass. She wore a fur hat and leather shoes, which is filled with grass. They are the oldest shoes, which are found all over the world! Also protected with a fur coat and a herb from the cold, with a loincloth and pants tube.

Gun shops
Ötzi was well equipped, so it could survive for long periods of time alone. The most important elements in a belt bearing directly on the body: fire, stone tools for cutting and drilling, a bone awl, sewing and especially a tinder fungus.

This tree fungus is highly flammable when dry, so it is a man of the Stone Age wearing. To cut the trees can Ötzi had a copper there. Always at hand was a dagger in his belt. More equipment was old, maybe a leather bag which receives only the wooden frame. Particularly noteworthy is a container made ​​of birch bark with charcoal fire was red hot in his last place with them.

Should be used for hunting arrows and a bow. The bow was not yet operational: it lacks the handle and slots for the strings. Ötzi he wanted to make the trek over yet, or had not been a surprise? Unfortunately I do not know yet.

Special Features
Of course, the body of Ötzi in recent years has been studied in detail. So he was tattooed in about 50 places. The tattoos were less than the jewelry for pain relief. You are in the areas of the joints that were affected by wear and have undoubtedly affected.

Other research has shown that the Iceman was about 46 years old when he died. This is so very ancient time. It weighed about 50 kg, was 1.60 m tall and had size 38 shoes Although I had completely worn teeth, but had no cavities. We also noticed several healed fractures of the ribs and nose, signs of a precarious life.

Ötzi was murdered?
But then came the most exciting discovery of the body of Ötzi: An arrowhead embedded in his back. Between the scapula and shoulder, was beaten. Although there are no vital organs were injured, it may be, however, that the man of the Stone Age, died of that wound.

Based on X-rays and computed tomography, these new findings. In addition to these techniques, the radiocarbon method in the case of Ötzi was important to determine their age. Therefore, I say this more closely:

Radiocarbon Statement
As a human, animal or plant life will be replaced by food and respiratory substances to the environment. These include carbon. This occurs naturally in three variants, one of which is radioactive (This can be thought of cars as are similar in principle but different).

These three types of carbon are present in the body. From the moment of death of radioactive decay (radio) form of carbon (carbon), the other two remain in the body dead. The less of the carbon range collapse compared with the other two existing ones, the longer it goes back to the time of death.

On September 19, 1991 hikers found a body in the Ötztal Alps. Initially it was thought that the man had crashed shortly. But it soon became clear that the mummy was over 5000 years now. A sensation! Not only the clothes the body, but the team and man of the Stone Age were well preserved.

Quick was the dead man nicknamed "Iceman" after his place in the Ötztal Alps. English also called "ice man" or "Frozen Fritz. " Research with the radiocarbon method (explanation at end of article) indicate that the Iceman is about 5000 years old, therefore BC 3000th lived. That was the moment that began the planning and construction of the first pyramids in Egypt!

Our forefather of the glacier
In the ice Similaun body through five millennia, has been well preserved. Only the melting of glaciers to climate warming strong in recent years was the mummy revealed. To research the past, this discovery provides a great improvement. Before found Ötzi, had been only a few fragments of bones of people of the Stone Age are available. Now an almost perfectly preserved human.

And he saw:
Clothing
The man's clothes was entirely in leather, leather and grass. She wore a fur hat and leather shoes, which is filled with grass. They are the oldest shoes, which are found all over the world! Also protected with a fur coat and a herb from the cold, with a loincloth and pants tube.

Gun shops
Ötzi was well equipped, so it could survive for long periods of time alone. The most important elements in a belt bearing directly on the body: fire, stone tools for cutting and drilling, a bone awl, sewing and especially a tinder fungus.

This tree fungus is highly flammable when dry, so it is a man of the Stone Age wearing. To cut the trees can Ötzi had a copper there. Always at hand was a dagger in his belt. More equipment was old, maybe a leather bag which receives only the wooden frame. Particularly noteworthy is a container made ​​of birch bark with charcoal fire was red hot in his last place with them.

Should be used for hunting arrows and a bow. The bow was not yet operational: it lacks the handle and slots for the strings. Ötzi he wanted to make the trek over yet, or had not been a surprise? Unfortunately I do not know yet.

Special Features
Of course, the body of Ötzi in recent years has been studied in detail. So he was tattooed in about 50 places. The tattoos were less than the jewelry for pain relief. You are in the areas of the joints that were affected by wear and have undoubtedly affected.

Other research has shown that the Iceman was about 46 years old when he died. This is so very ancient time. It weighed about 50 kg, was 1.60 m tall and had size 38 shoes Although I had completely worn teeth, but had no cavities. We also noticed several healed fractures of the ribs and nose, signs of a precarious life.

Ötzi was murdered?
But then came the most exciting discovery of the body of Ötzi: An arrowhead embedded in his back. Between the scapula and shoulder, was beaten. Although there are no vital organs were injured, it may be, however, that the man of the Stone Age, died of that wound.

Based on X-rays and computed tomography, these new findings. In addition to these techniques, the radiocarbon method in the case of Ötzi was important to determine their age. Therefore, I say this more closely:

Radiocarbon Statement
As a human, animal or plant life will be replaced by food and respiratory substances to the environment. These include carbon. This occurs naturally in three variants, one of which is radioactive (This can be thought of cars as are similar in principle but different).

These three types of carbon are present in the body. From the moment of death of radioactive decay (radio) form of carbon (carbon), the other two remain in the body dead. The less of the carbon range collapse compared with the other two existing ones, the longer it goes back to the time of death.

The Year of the Neanderthals 2006

The Year of the Neanderthals 2006

150 years ago, the Neanderthal remains were found early. Since early man moved this research. The longer you are researching, the more evident that these principles of European man is now more similar than previously thought. But there are still many unanswered questions about the Neanderthals. For the problem known, was in 2006 proclaimed the year of the Neanderthals. And on 04 May 2006, the exhibition opened in Mettmann "Wire.

Neanderthal!"

The name
The first fossil of the "ice people" Europeans in 1856, so 150 years ago, when Kalkabbau discovered in a quarry. In the mud at the bottom of the Feldhofer cave, a cave in the Neander Valley near Dusseldorf. While the naturalist Carl Fuhlrott then identified the bones as the remains of a primitive people of the ice age, some researchers believe there is no primitive man. So a wild scientific debate arose about the results.

What were the people of the ice age?
Striking were the skull, strong ridges above the eyes, a chin and a sloping forehead, nose, big, strong front teeth, muscles and bones. 150 years ago it was thought that Neanderthals had the monkey has been so man. In a stooped posture, with hairy skin. However, this presumption is now outdated. Early man in Europe was adopted as long as they were closer. People like mono-had died in the days of the Neanderthals of several million years. Today we know that Neanderthals were actually stronger and more muscular than modern humans, but not as steeply as it is long. It was probably tempted in the contemporary urban landscape or even particularly noteworthy.

Neanderthals Skills
Although it seemed to side - the Neanderthals were already at a high level of culture. He lived in shacks made ​​of pelts and bones of mammoth, fire and knew that I live. Clothing made ​​of leather with special tools and had a successful hunting techniques. In general, there has been specialized tool, which adapts and transforms according to the purpose. There was not only against the cold of the ice age, but also the predators can protect and defend.

Adapted to the ice age?
Researchers have assumed until recently that Neanderthals were adapted to small and robust body that cold weather and rough ice very well. A robust body loses less heat, a big nose is used to "warm" air. And the muscles were strong enough to survive in the harsh conditions of the ice age. But maybe the Neanderthals were "isolated", but not enough - because the ice age climate may have been the latest research is a cause of extinction of the Neanderthals. Research has shown that especially strong climate fluctuations may have caused large differences in temperature, the extinction of Ice Age people.

In darkness
Year of the Neanderthals, there was large-scale European projects of research of the Neanderthals in the road ahead. So I wanted to clarify whether the Neanderthals is one of our species Homo sapiens, or whether it is a different species in human evolution, 100 000 years ago saw his girlfriend and about 27 000 years before disappearing again. This leads to a more open question: what grounds the Neanderthals disappeared about? If Homo sapiens displaced Neanderthal? But he was not well adapted to the climate of the ice age? Were perhaps the major climate fluctuations of guilt, nor in food animals mammoth and others, such as Neanderthals, ice age people could not adapt? Or was it a prehistoric people in the group of simple, so do not

survive?
All these questions are being investigated and if you want to know more about it or you are interested in the subject of the Neanderthals, which can be found at the following locations more about: The official website of www.neandertalerundco.de/ lot of information and learn more about the exhibition for the anniversary year. For example, in "hand of Neanderthal"in the Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, "Life in the extreme " at the Museum of Archaeology Westfalia Herne and "Roots - Roots of Humanity"in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Bonn.

Closer - Neandertal
From May 04 to September 24, 2006 shows the Neanderthal Museum, this special exhibition. It is the prejudices we have towards the primitive. Or you can see in the term Neanderthal is also not a continuous slope, swinging his legs before primitive man? But both are wrong. Why do we have a picture in front of us and how we imagine the Neanderthals actually be explained in the special exhibition exciting. And finally, every visitor with the latest optical technology to become a prehistoric man. Have fun!

Also recommended:
www.nationalgeographic.de / TNT, the additional pages on the website of National Geographic Germany, explain the current state of research and present the European research project closely.

By the way: If you're wondering
once why Neanderthal and Neanderthal man is still written in 19 century ago, the place where you and the valley continues to h, ie Neanderthal, so that there are two different spellings. The museum in Mettmann is spelled h. According to Duden Neanderthal is usually written, but not h.

150 years ago, the Neanderthal remains were found early. Since early man moved this research. The longer you are researching, the more evident that these principles of European man is now more similar than previously thought. But there are still many unanswered questions about the Neanderthals. For the problem known, was in 2006 proclaimed the year of the Neanderthals. And on 04 May 2006, the exhibition opened in Mettmann "Wire.

Neanderthal!"

The name
The first fossil of the "ice people" Europeans in 1856, so 150 years ago, when Kalkabbau discovered in a quarry. In the mud at the bottom of the Feldhofer cave, a cave in the Neander Valley near Dusseldorf. While the naturalist Carl Fuhlrott then identified the bones as the remains of a primitive people of the ice age, some researchers believe there is no primitive man. So a wild scientific debate arose about the results.

What were the people of the ice age?
Striking were the skull, strong ridges above the eyes, a chin and a sloping forehead, nose, big, strong front teeth, muscles and bones. 150 years ago it was thought that Neanderthals had the monkey has been so man. In a stooped posture, with hairy skin. However, this presumption is now outdated. Early man in Europe was adopted as long as they were closer. People like mono-had died in the days of the Neanderthals of several million years. Today we know that Neanderthals were actually stronger and more muscular than modern humans, but not as steeply as it is long. It was probably tempted in the contemporary urban landscape or even particularly noteworthy.

Neanderthals Skills
Although it seemed to side - the Neanderthals were already at a high level of culture. He lived in shacks made ​​of pelts and bones of mammoth, fire and knew that I live. Clothing made ​​of leather with special tools and had a successful hunting techniques. In general, there has been specialized tool, which adapts and transforms according to the purpose. There was not only against the cold of the ice age, but also the predators can protect and defend.

Adapted to the ice age?
Researchers have assumed until recently that Neanderthals were adapted to small and robust body that cold weather and rough ice very well. A robust body loses less heat, a big nose is used to "warm" air. And the muscles were strong enough to survive in the harsh conditions of the ice age. But maybe the Neanderthals were "isolated", but not enough - because the ice age climate may have been the latest research is a cause of extinction of the Neanderthals. Research has shown that especially strong climate fluctuations may have caused large differences in temperature, the extinction of Ice Age people.

In darkness
Year of the Neanderthals, there was large-scale European projects of research of the Neanderthals in the road ahead. So I wanted to clarify whether the Neanderthals is one of our species Homo sapiens, or whether it is a different species in human evolution, 100 000 years ago saw his girlfriend and about 27 000 years before disappearing again. This leads to a more open question: what grounds the Neanderthals disappeared about? If Homo sapiens displaced Neanderthal? But he was not well adapted to the climate of the ice age? Were perhaps the major climate fluctuations of guilt, nor in food animals mammoth and others, such as Neanderthals, ice age people could not adapt? Or was it a prehistoric people in the group of simple, so do not

survive?
All these questions are being investigated and if you want to know more about it or you are interested in the subject of the Neanderthals, which can be found at the following locations more about: The official website of www.neandertalerundco.de/ lot of information and learn more about the exhibition for the anniversary year. For example, in "hand of Neanderthal"in the Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, "Life in the extreme " at the Museum of Archaeology Westfalia Herne and "Roots - Roots of Humanity"in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Bonn.

Closer - Neandertal
From May 04 to September 24, 2006 shows the Neanderthal Museum, this special exhibition. It is the prejudices we have towards the primitive. Or you can see in the term Neanderthal is also not a continuous slope, swinging his legs before primitive man? But both are wrong. Why do we have a picture in front of us and how we imagine the Neanderthals actually be explained in the special exhibition exciting. And finally, every visitor with the latest optical technology to become a prehistoric man. Have fun!

Also recommended:
www.nationalgeographic.de / TNT, the additional pages on the website of National Geographic Germany, explain the current state of research and present the European research project closely.

By the way: If you're wondering
once why Neanderthal and Neanderthal man is still written in 19 century ago, the place where you and the valley continues to h, ie Neanderthal, so that there are two different spellings. The museum in Mettmann is spelled h. According to Duden Neanderthal is usually written, but not h.

Empress Friedrich

Empress Friedrich

The eldest daughter of Queen Victoria in Victoria as Adelheid, Maria Luisa, 21.11. Born in London 1840. On her marriage to Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia, was in 1888 for 99 days German empress. His son William II led Germany in World War II.

Queen Victoria was looking at an early stage a suitable husband for her daughter the same name, kaum10 years. He quickly found. Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia seemed a good match for the eldest daughter of the Queen to be. Just wait until the child reached the age of marriage: 17 years old, gave the Germans their votes.

Victoria recalled: ". In the evening after the ceremony we sat side by side, two young men who were almost too shy to talk to each other"But she was only eight days left London with her husband, the city beloved hometown. "I almost broke my heart", who later wrote in his diary.

Marriage good performance. Vicky and Fritz said, the crown prince of the family, each developed a deep attachment and affection. This is documented in about 10,000 letters, he wrote the couple during the marriage.

The birth of her first son, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, was in the 18 - Viktoria painful years. William was injured at birth, so that his left arm shortened, stunted and not muscle strength. Victoria was ashamed of the disability of the life of his son and had a difficult relationship with him.

1888, when Frederick finally the imperial throne as Frederick III. could rise, he was ill with cancer. Reigned only 99 days and died on June 15, 1888. In the short period of his rule, neither he nor his wife realized the ideas they had discussed in recent years. Profoundly sad, took Victoria, who was called from now Empress Frederick, retired from politics, leaving his son William II of the state.

Away from the capital, Berlin, built a castle in the Taunus, that the honor of her husband "Friedrichshof"called. Thereafter, the widow took over the social and artistic projects. Empress Victoria died at the age of 61 years, 05/08/1901. He was buried beside her husband in Potsdam.

If you want to see more of the Empress Victoria, then click here, in this, or this page and click on "specials"on.

The eldest daughter of Queen Victoria in Victoria as Adelheid, Maria Luisa, 21.11. Born in London 1840. On her marriage to Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia, was in 1888 for 99 days German empress. His son William II led Germany in World War II.

Queen Victoria was looking at an early stage a suitable husband for her daughter the same name, kaum10 years. He quickly found. Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia seemed a good match for the eldest daughter of the Queen to be. Just wait until the child reached the age of marriage: 17 years old, gave the Germans their votes.

Victoria recalled: ". In the evening after the ceremony we sat side by side, two young men who were almost too shy to talk to each other"But she was only eight days left London with her husband, the city beloved hometown. "I almost broke my heart", who later wrote in his diary.

Marriage good performance. Vicky and Fritz said, the crown prince of the family, each developed a deep attachment and affection. This is documented in about 10,000 letters, he wrote the couple during the marriage.

The birth of her first son, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, was in the 18 - Viktoria painful years. William was injured at birth, so that his left arm shortened, stunted and not muscle strength. Victoria was ashamed of the disability of the life of his son and had a difficult relationship with him.

1888, when Frederick finally the imperial throne as Frederick III. could rise, he was ill with cancer. Reigned only 99 days and died on June 15, 1888. In the short period of his rule, neither he nor his wife realized the ideas they had discussed in recent years. Profoundly sad, took Victoria, who was called from now Empress Frederick, retired from politics, leaving his son William II of the state.

Away from the capital, Berlin, built a castle in the Taunus, that the honor of her husband "Friedrichshof"called. Thereafter, the widow took over the social and artistic projects. Empress Victoria died at the age of 61 years, 05/08/1901. He was buried beside her husband in Potsdam.

If you want to see more of the Empress Victoria, then click here, in this, or this page and click on "specials"on.

Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro and the battle against the Inca empire
Francisco Pizarro in 1522 he learned of the existence of the Inca empire. On July 26, 1529 it became King Carlos I of Spain, the captain general of Peru, and granted permission for a campaign. Provided that Pizarro was adjusted to his team in charge.

Pizarro, King Charles I impressed on his return from his expeditions to Peru, from 1526 until 1528, with treasures of gold and flame. Therefore, he got a lead for the next season.

The Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
With royal permission Pizarro sailed with several hundred men at his side, South America along pacific coast. 1532 he founded the first Spanish city in the Inca Empire, the city of Piura in northern Peru.

On the way to the Inca Empire
In 1532, Pizarro and his team of the expedition was on foot into the Inca Empire. The road through the jungle and the mountains several thousand feet was a task of Pizarro and his men. Regularly, the Spanish were viewed by the messengers of the Inca Atahualpa. After the messengers of Atahualpa, the Spanish brought the news of a friendly welcome, in turn, Pizarro and his men also pretended to come with peaceful intentions.

The Inca ruler and his warriors are prepared
Atahualpa and his people seemed to be aware that the Spanish did not come in peace. However, he felt no fear, partly because they were able to concentrate better in the mountains, and, secondly, because they had no power of man. Atahualpa's army consisted of thousands of experienced soldiers who had just defeated his half brother Huascar.

Pizarro's army was a difference of the Incas, unskilled labor. It was less than 300 men, but they had horses and were reinforced by steel equipment and weapons such as guns.

Pizarro plans
In November 1532 he and his men arrived in the city of Cajamarca. This had been evacuated by the Incas before. Pizarro's plan was now for the Inca ruler Atahualpa prisoner. This must be done through the army of Atahualpa. To make sure everything went according to expectations Pizarro, Atahualpa, was invited to the city of Cajamarca.

The Battle of Cajamarca
Atahualpa Pizarro accepted the invitation to Cajamarca. Part of his warriors camped outside the walls of the city, while he and his remaining men were owned within the walls. As a sign of peace had Atahualpa and his men, however, establish their first weapons. During the unarmed Incas moved to the city, located to the Spanish arms.

Once in the city recorded a Spanish priest, the Word, and welcomed the Incas in the words of God. Where these words Atahualpa. Even with the inscription Bible could not do anything, so they held a Bible to the ear, but did not hear the word of God. This made him angry and threw the Bible on the floor.

Atahualpa Pizarro described this action, the Bible, throw carelessly on the floor like a sacrilege. Sacrilege is meant as an attack or injury to the sacred. And this sacrilege Atahualpa Pizarro took as a pretext to open fire against the Incas.

Less than an hour, took the battle in the main square of Cajamarca on November 16 1532nd But in that short time, were several thousand unarmed Inca warriors were killed. The Inca Atahualpa was captured by the Spanish in captivity, why your company is outside the city supplied no army. The Warriors did not want to take their lead with an attack on the Spanish in danger.

Atahualpa and Pizarro's conquest of death
Despite a ransom of Inca Atahualpa was sentenced to death and 26 July 1533 in Cajamarca strangled.

Francisco Pizarro, while still continuing his conquest of the Inca Empire. The people now without a leader of the Incas always less and less resistance, and went with the hope of independence has been the subject of stresses on the opposite side of Pizarro.

Vilcabamba was the longest untouched by the Spanish attacks. came with the conquest of Vilcabamba in 1572, finally, the once-mighty Inca Empire.

Francisco Pizarro and the battle against the Inca empire
Francisco Pizarro in 1522 he learned of the existence of the Inca empire. On July 26, 1529 it became King Carlos I of Spain, the captain general of Peru, and granted permission for a campaign. Provided that Pizarro was adjusted to his team in charge.

Pizarro, King Charles I impressed on his return from his expeditions to Peru, from 1526 until 1528, with treasures of gold and flame. Therefore, he got a lead for the next season.

The Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
With royal permission Pizarro sailed with several hundred men at his side, South America along pacific coast. 1532 he founded the first Spanish city in the Inca Empire, the city of Piura in northern Peru.

On the way to the Inca Empire
In 1532, Pizarro and his team of the expedition was on foot into the Inca Empire. The road through the jungle and the mountains several thousand feet was a task of Pizarro and his men. Regularly, the Spanish were viewed by the messengers of the Inca Atahualpa. After the messengers of Atahualpa, the Spanish brought the news of a friendly welcome, in turn, Pizarro and his men also pretended to come with peaceful intentions.

The Inca ruler and his warriors are prepared
Atahualpa and his people seemed to be aware that the Spanish did not come in peace. However, he felt no fear, partly because they were able to concentrate better in the mountains, and, secondly, because they had no power of man. Atahualpa's army consisted of thousands of experienced soldiers who had just defeated his half brother Huascar.

Pizarro's army was a difference of the Incas, unskilled labor. It was less than 300 men, but they had horses and were reinforced by steel equipment and weapons such as guns.

Pizarro plans
In November 1532 he and his men arrived in the city of Cajamarca. This had been evacuated by the Incas before. Pizarro's plan was now for the Inca ruler Atahualpa prisoner. This must be done through the army of Atahualpa. To make sure everything went according to expectations Pizarro, Atahualpa, was invited to the city of Cajamarca.

The Battle of Cajamarca
Atahualpa Pizarro accepted the invitation to Cajamarca. Part of his warriors camped outside the walls of the city, while he and his remaining men were owned within the walls. As a sign of peace had Atahualpa and his men, however, establish their first weapons. During the unarmed Incas moved to the city, located to the Spanish arms.

Once in the city recorded a Spanish priest, the Word, and welcomed the Incas in the words of God. Where these words Atahualpa. Even with the inscription Bible could not do anything, so they held a Bible to the ear, but did not hear the word of God. This made him angry and threw the Bible on the floor.

Atahualpa Pizarro described this action, the Bible, throw carelessly on the floor like a sacrilege. Sacrilege is meant as an attack or injury to the sacred. And this sacrilege Atahualpa Pizarro took as a pretext to open fire against the Incas.

Less than an hour, took the battle in the main square of Cajamarca on November 16 1532nd But in that short time, were several thousand unarmed Inca warriors were killed. The Inca Atahualpa was captured by the Spanish in captivity, why your company is outside the city supplied no army. The Warriors did not want to take their lead with an attack on the Spanish in danger.

Atahualpa and Pizarro's conquest of death
Despite a ransom of Inca Atahualpa was sentenced to death and 26 July 1533 in Cajamarca strangled.

Francisco Pizarro, while still continuing his conquest of the Inca Empire. The people now without a leader of the Incas always less and less resistance, and went with the hope of independence has been the subject of stresses on the opposite side of Pizarro.

Vilcabamba was the longest untouched by the Spanish attacks. came with the conquest of Vilcabamba in 1572, finally, the once-mighty Inca Empire.

Al Capone: The king of the underworld of Chicago

Al Capone: The king of the underworld of Chicago

Al Capone was not only the mob boss most successful of its time, but also the cleverest. For years the police have not made ​​it out of their brutal crimes behind bars. Only the investigation was a key prosecutor in the works. On October 24, 1931 was convicted of tax evasion of more than $ 200,000 to eleven years in prison.

A good start
The criminal career of Al (in fact, Alphonse) Capone began at an early age. On January 17, 1899 born to Neapolitan immigrants, was found in Brooklyn, New York, quickly going of the rails. At the age of 14, had to leave school because she had physically attacked a teacher. Then made ​​his way with odd jobs and tied readily with organized crime.

Scarface
Even as a teenager, famous nickname away Al Capone, "Scarface" (Scarface). He had been involved in a fight with Frank Galluciano. After the girl's sister had insulted Italian-Americans, told this a knife and stabbed him in the face. Three long scars remained. Al Capone hated his nickname throughout his life.

A career in Chicago
Since 1920 was the continuation of 29-year-old continued his career in Chicago in doubt. The former stronghold of crime in the United States, attracted all kinds of illegal trade. Especially with alcohol may be time to make money. For this you need to know that at this stage Ban called - was banned (1919 33), alcohol and distribute. The rise of Al Capone did on the side of crime boss Johnny Torrio. Which in 1924 inherited his criminal empire.

From luxury suites Alcatraz
In the late 20's Al Capone reveled is the only luxury. Resided in the royal suite of a luxury hotel, leaving his band to work for you. Clearly, admitted that the ill-gotten black. And that is what was ultimately fatal. Not for its brutal crimes many entered prison, but for tax evasion. His prison sentence of eleven years had to Capone in the infamous prison island of Alcatraz to solve. Because of its health poor, but was released early.

Haunted by ghosts
His last seven years of his life of Al Capone in Miami. There have not turned in your life happy. Legend has it that he suffered from terrible visions. Again and again he thought he saw the ghosts of people he killed. On January 25, 1947 died of pneumonia. His grave in Hillside, Illinois remains a tourist magnet.

Al Capone was not only the mob boss most successful of its time, but also the cleverest. For years the police have not made ​​it out of their brutal crimes behind bars. Only the investigation was a key prosecutor in the works. On October 24, 1931 was convicted of tax evasion of more than $ 200,000 to eleven years in prison.

A good start
The criminal career of Al (in fact, Alphonse) Capone began at an early age. On January 17, 1899 born to Neapolitan immigrants, was found in Brooklyn, New York, quickly going of the rails. At the age of 14, had to leave school because she had physically attacked a teacher. Then made ​​his way with odd jobs and tied readily with organized crime.

Scarface
Even as a teenager, famous nickname away Al Capone, "Scarface" (Scarface). He had been involved in a fight with Frank Galluciano. After the girl's sister had insulted Italian-Americans, told this a knife and stabbed him in the face. Three long scars remained. Al Capone hated his nickname throughout his life.

A career in Chicago
Since 1920 was the continuation of 29-year-old continued his career in Chicago in doubt. The former stronghold of crime in the United States, attracted all kinds of illegal trade. Especially with alcohol may be time to make money. For this you need to know that at this stage Ban called - was banned (1919 33), alcohol and distribute. The rise of Al Capone did on the side of crime boss Johnny Torrio. Which in 1924 inherited his criminal empire.

From luxury suites Alcatraz
In the late 20's Al Capone reveled is the only luxury. Resided in the royal suite of a luxury hotel, leaving his band to work for you. Clearly, admitted that the ill-gotten black. And that is what was ultimately fatal. Not for its brutal crimes many entered prison, but for tax evasion. His prison sentence of eleven years had to Capone in the infamous prison island of Alcatraz to solve. Because of its health poor, but was released early.

Haunted by ghosts
His last seven years of his life of Al Capone in Miami. There have not turned in your life happy. Legend has it that he suffered from terrible visions. Again and again he thought he saw the ghosts of people he killed. On January 25, 1947 died of pneumonia. His grave in Hillside, Illinois remains a tourist magnet.