Austria under Emperor Franz-Josef I

Austria under Emperor Franz Joseph I. * 1830 to 1916 (came to power with 18 long reigned until his death 68 years): nationalism Def: If a town in the state of the same language and culture together, is this state of the population was mostly higher . When a nation stands for the autonomy and independence, this is nationalism. In its extreme form, this nationalism a threat to peace, as it reduces other nations. After 1848 were the uprisings in Hungary and Italy have reduced, but CN 1861 in several wars, his property in Italy and for the nation of Italy.

The Battle of Solferino in 1859 has a special meaning: The Geneva businessman Henri Dunant was living in this battle and founded after the misery of the wounded soldiers, who were often in the field, had seen the Red Cross war wounded charity. 1871 Germany is the nation-state (Deut. exclamation Empire) and the Prussian king was elected by the German princes to the emperor. Through these two agreements has or lost much influence and therefore had the emperor of Austria, Franz-Josef of Hungary to meet the demands for national independence: Division of the Habsburg Empire in Austrian and Hungarian halves of the Habsburg.(imperial and royal), together monarchy = compensation, the two sides of the rulers of the state, finance, military and foreign policy. Franz-Josef other nations refused, however, the concessions, which, among other things first led WK. Due to the changes brought by industrialization had to Franz-Josef finally 1867 the demand for high class rich to give a constitution. This was translated by the citizens of their interests, they came together and founded the parts work - the workers' associations,>> Viktor Adler-> SPÖ small peasants, bourgeois, and chr.

Worker-chr>. Soz. Part> Karl Lueger-> ÖVP The right to vote but still hanging on the electoral roll: = taxes paid annually. Only in 1907 in general and equal voting rights (with the exception of women). Women's suffrage in 1918 (= end of the monarchy) the reign of Franz-Josef was culturally and politically very important for Austria: Vienna in the S.

UK Monarchy in the Cultural Center. The ring road was extended to the street (Example: City Hall, Opera House, Parliament, Votive Church, Art and Natural History Museum). Not only has the new re-used, but the old architectural styles.

However, it came as a new style of Art Nouveau, Austria and Vienna was very famous. It is characterized by her earrings, and ornaments. Otto Wagner was an architect of this building style. This style contrasts sharply with that Franz-Josef, who returned to the old styles. Imperialism: Definition: to take the efforts of each of the major powers as areas of great power.

As a result of the colonias of industrialization and capitalism have become increasingly important for the following reasons: 1 to cheaper raw materials to get the second as outlets for excess production as the race began to foreign territories. First came the research and missionaries, who were followed by traders and trading companies, and then the soldiers to conquer the territories. In a short time, Africa was divided among the states and various: GB, F, Dt was rich in Asia: J, RL, E, F In 1910, whites dominated the 85% of the earth's surface.

The interests of other nations, paid little attention. Instead, drove to the customs and email life. This tribal cultures have been destroyed, native crafts, art and tradition. But the worst was that whites moved to the limits of will, which cut tribal boundaries and fields, and built in the plantations of improved land. Against the superior weapons of the natives had no chance. Uprisings were brutally suppressed.

Despite the current independence of former colonial countries still suffer the consequences of imperialism. First Worldwar: Causes: Since 1880 the output balance militarism imperialism nationalism e = way to the International Crisis Worldwar first reason: the assassination of Austrian Archduke von Ö-U by a Serbian terrorist 28.5.1914th At the beginning of the 20 th century. had two major power blocs in E: the Triple Alliance (Central Powers =) - Empire ger, OU, and F Entente, GB, RL v. Since the ultimatum against U-O

Serbia remained unanswered, O-U, said 28.6. 1914 war on Serbia, and wanted to punish a short war. But with the declaration of war conventions entered into force. Only remained neutral at first, but then hit the side of the Entente 1915. When Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare and American merchant ships sank in 1917 joined the U.S. in the war. Now all took great powers of the earth, in part, and many small states. It was fought mainly in E, but also in Africa, Asia and at sea. The war in E became more and more a battle position (100 km long lines in front of barbed wire and fuel) and a battle of material (material only decide). Also first used chemical weapons.

In the winter of 1917, there was no food to buy more freely. Each person was only a rationed amount to a coupon. There were no clothes or money or power. The peace negotiations brought no results. In 1917 came to RL r Revolutin. Communists overthrew the czar and concluded an armistice with the Central Powers.

In January 1918, the U.S. president gave his peace proposal, the 14 points are known. Germany tried to attack again, but I was working with riots and hunger strikes in their own ranks. In October, people some independence Ö-U and founded a new state. On November 3, 1918 reached a truce in Austria and 11 111.

Charles abdicated in 1918. A day after the Republic of Austria was proclaimed. The states lose have imposed harsh peace terms. Had sole responsibility for the war and had to pay all expenses.