Aviation history Part 6 (Rationalization of the aircraft - new technology for air traffic)

Hugo Junkers in 1919 brought the first true commercial airliner - the Junkers F13 - on the market. She was all metal, low wing monoplane and had an enclosed cabin. For passenger traffic, an engine was very uncertain, therefore, followed two and three-engine aircraft, such as Junkers G-24 in 1925, also in 1925 and 1926, the Ford tri-motor Fokker FVII/3m. The aircraft of this type formed until the thirties, the backbone of air transport. With a new shell design, which made ​​the thin metal skin of a substantial part of the forces, the plane was much easier and more rational (ie less air resistance) can be constructed. Novel aircraft instruments, such as turn and bank indicator, directional gyro and artificial horizon, introduced in 1930, to fly (with restrictions) on the night and fog and clouds. The pilots, however, had great difficulty in forgetting one's own feelings and rely only on the instrument display.

In the thirties, the airlines also dared to cross the Atlantic. This route between the Old and New World offers the most lucrative economic use of the aircraft. Lufthansa flew mail Dornier flying boats to South America, the Pan Am, which was the largest international airline, flight 1939, he ventured across the Atlantic with the passengers, also in a (large) seaplanes. If the aircraft of the country easier and more economical or seaplane, the (ditch, but could) be more inefficient than the plane of the Atlantic more appropriate and safer era, remained a controversial issue.

In the U.S. the domestic market was the twin-engine Douglas DC3 own transportation and more economical operating in Europe continues to be a dream. The DC3 (Dakota) in 1936 and entered service with about 13000Stück the largest transport aircraft in the world. In Germany, since 1933, the three-engined Junkers Ju 52, due to their robustness and reliability of the standard aircraft for civil transport operations and military.