Aviation history Part 3 (Since the level of powered flight)

The American brothers Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948) Wright was able to make the first controlled powered flight. On December 17, 1903, raised their aircraft, controlled by Orville, after a brief start in a horizontal launch pad with its own engine from the ground and twelve seconds remained in the air. The fourth flight of the day, driven by Wilbur, lasted nearly a minute. The performance of Wright was characterized by a very systematic and experimental approach. The propeller and a lightweight gasoline engine also come from them. In 1908 Wright aircraft were higher than other structures so far.

In Europe, Paris-based Brazilian Alberto Santos Dumont was in the fall of 1906, the first public flight observed and recognized. The Wright Brothers and Santos Dumont flew jets of duck call. The height adjuster is here in front, while the wing and the unit (and possibly the rudder) are mounted behind. Although this is more advantageous for efficiency, but more difficult to fly in gusty wind. Forced in recent years lay behind the elevator and rudder, which provides a degree of inherent stability.

In 1909 he went to several events in the history of aviation: July 25, Frenchman Louis Bleriot crossed the English Channel in August showed the Reims air show for the first time the general public of the possibilities, the aircraft offered And in September was also the first German, Hans degree in a home-built airplane to have a successful flight and won the price 40000Mark Lanz air. Especially the military, made in the ease of use of aircraft as a weapon carefully invested, and increasingly in the development of aeronautics research. Research institutes were in Germany (1909 Aero Dynamic AVA Research Institute in Göttingen and in 1912 the German Experimental Institute for Aviation in Berlin-Adlershof), England (1912, Real aeronautical establishment at Farnborough) and France (Gustave Eiffel Aerodynamic Institute founded 1909 in Paris).

The AVA was led by Ludwig Prandtl's birthplace of aerodynamics. No area of technology, was due to the problem of the flight itself and the task (military), so it depends on scientific research and technology of flight. Political tensions increased in 1910 and - - Regarding the performance of potential adversary aircraft of new records of speed and altitude range is sought. High prices, as the Emperor's Prize for the best aircraft engine, encouraged the ambition of the engineers. Typical aircraft before the First World War was an example of the Austria-Germany Rumpler Etrich dove, a monoplane, which was regarded as the safest aircraft and the French Deperdussin with 200Kilometern per hour, the fastest aircraft of Russian and Sikorskij four-engine "Ilya Muromets" (1913), the larger (and slower) aircraft. Sikorskij Igor emigrated to the twenties in the U.S., where he built large seaplanes and later became one of the founders of the art helicopters (therefore called Mr.Helicopter) fame.