Austria under the Nazi regime

Austria under the Nazi regime, the connection with the occupation of Austria on March 12, 1938 listened to Austria to exist as a sovereign state. Austria was renamed the March of the East and is divided into districts. There followed a wave of arrests in various directions, many politicians have taken to the Dachau concentration camp ("celebrities transport). For many, it now seemed the idea of ​​connecting reached in 1918, others who had been victims of economic crisis, expected a rapid improvement in the economic situation.

The referendum of April 12, 1938, Austria was officially connected with Germany. Only a few countries protested the league meeting fall of 1938 (Chile, China, Mexico, Spain and Red Soviet Union). The persecution of the Jews in Austria was the relationship with a mass persecution of 200,000 Austrian Jews. The Austrian anti-Semitism was primarily religious and economic reasons, was the basis for the Nazi hatred of Jews. 1000 Jews were allowed to practice their profession again, and

Jewish students were expelled from their schools and universities. Many artists and scholars of Jewish origin who emigrated from Austria and (Elias Kanetti, Robert Musil, Stefan Zweig, Sigmund Freud). The highlight of the prosecution presented the "Kristallnacht" give. In revenge for the murder of a German Embassy staff in Paris by a Jew, was the ninth of the night on 10 November, the "Vokszorn" organized. Many Jewish cemeteries, synagogues, shops and houses were looted and destroyed.

The Prognom of 10 November 1938 there was an emigration of Jews to follow. But in late October of each emigration was prohibited. The separation (Jews had to wear the Star of David), resulted in complete isolation of the Jews. In the "final solution to the Jewish problem" the extermination of all Jews was decided. In late 1942, Vienna was free of Jews. The "linearization" of the economy shortly after the connection has been the gold reserves of the National Bank and foreign currency reserve and valuable art treasures to Germany itself. The shilling was replaced by the Reichsmark. "Linearization"  (take over Jewish businesses in the so-called "Aryans") were common. Since November 1938 the release of Jewish shops had their shops and businesses at a price well below market value to the State. The money was not a compensatory tax, a "capital flight taxes" and a "Jewish property tax" deduction. Only then can withdraw money from their migration.

This legalized theft became the model for the "expropriation of German policy of the Reich. " Nazi economic policy economic policy was transferred to the Eastern March. This experience in industrial output and energy, increased sharply. Oil production has intensified, as the kingdom works of Hermann Goering (now Voest Alpine) was founded in Linz. Through this growth-related equipment, unemployment fell rapidly. Since 1943, the work requirement was introduced.

The German influence in the Austrian economy varied from 83% in banks to 50% in shipbuilding and transport. Economic growth is only possible as used in the areas occupied by the Germans forced workers in Europe. In 1944 alone in LA 190 000 foreign civilians, as well as about 30 000 prisoners of the Mauthausen concentration camp. From 1943 camps were established tunnel, which wanted to protect military operations to protect them from air strikes shame. 10 000 forced laborers leave their lives. The survivors were from the company, nor compensated by the state.

Persecution and the first resistance, was only a minority that the invasion would have been willing and active resistance. Most people agreed with the status quo. A silent majority, however, rejected the war against Nazism and German occupation. But Austrians also had a role in the Nazi state (for example, Eichmann).

Some political factions were locked in the basement. The Catholic Church was brutal state power feel dramatically soon. The Nazis stormed the Archbishop Palias. The clergy had the largest percentage of victims. Those who expressed a negative, or took action against the regime, was followed without hesitation. This was punished by the law called "treason (a law against attacks on the government or the party).

There were many supporters of the regime, but also fellow travelers. Also active resistance of some partisan groups (Carinthia and Slovenia) has done. Some migrants Austrian campaigned outside a free Austria. Resistance to military exemption existed in the Wehrmacht. The civil resistance group "O5" tried in 1944 for all groups to establish contacts. In December 1944, he formed the "Provisional National Committee of Austria (Poen), that connection is made with the Allies.

The plan was to surrender without fighting Vienna betrayed, but Tyrol has already been released before the arrival of the Americans by the "O5. In the months April, May was quite free Austria. By signing the unconditional surrender of the Germans on May 8, 1945 ended the second World War Austria. +: Some aspects of the Nazi regime are treated well.

- There is no bibliography. Too much concentration on the destruction of the Jewish population. Mental reorientation in the concentration camps of the 3 rd Empire, there was a particularly strong expression of the Austria-consciousness that was on party lines. Foreign countries interested in Austria to build again. In the Moscow Declaration of October 1943 the Allies decided to restore Austria.

This was the basis for negotiations on the treaty. filled even before the capitulation, as parts of Austria by the Red Army, formed a government under Karl Renner. The resistance movement, "O5" were the impetus for the restoration of political parties. On April 14, 1945 under the Socialist Party of Austria, Dr.

Karl Renner established. On April 17 came from the former socialist Christian People's Party of Austria and Leopold Figl Julius Raab. The Communist Party of Austria was formed by returning migrants in Moscow (Ernst Fischer and Johann Kolpenig). The interim government with Dr. Karl Renner was 23

Recognized by the Soviets in April. As the KPO asked some ministers, the Western allies were reluctant to acknowledge. On April 27, finally proclaimed the restoration of the Republic of Austria