GDR German Democratic Republic, the abbreviation was East Germany, was a Central European country was 108,333 km ². There were 16.6 million inhabitants, of which 76% lived in cities. The capital was Berlin (East). Throughout the Republic was composed of the states: Mecklenburg, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony and Thuringia. In 1944 it was agreed that after the war, the imperial capital, such as Germany into occupation zones of the Soviet Union, U.S. and Britain should be divided. In the summer of 1945 of the three areas designated by the inclusion of France four times.
For the regulation of matters related to Germany as a whole, the four military commander bildetet "Allied Control Council, which can only be decided unanimously. In each zone of occupation, for its part, had respective commander of the armed forces while he was the supreme authority. On 17.06.1945 met the "Big Three" of the Potsdam Conference to discuss the fate of Germany. Decided and a. - the transfer of the territories east of the Oder and Neisse, in favor of Poland - the expulsion of Germans from these areas - treatment of Germany as an economic unit - the punishment of war criminals is the 07/01/1945 retired from the U.S. and British zones of occupation in Saxony, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and Mecklenburg back. In return, the three Western powers were given to the area previously occupied by occupied by the Soviets in Berlin, which has been divided into four sectors. Thus, the formation of the districts of Prenzlauer Berg, Pankow, Mitte, Weissensee, Friedrichshain, Lichtenberg, Treptow Köpenick and the Soviet sector.
Berlin northwestern British sector should be the American Southwest. Part of the British was planned for the sector in France: the wedding and Reinickendorf. As British sector remained: Tiergarten, Charlottenburg, Spandau and Wilmersdorf. For the American sector were: Zehlendorf, Steglitz, Schöneberg, Kreuzberg, Neukölln and Tempelhof. The division of Berlin in the sectors does not mean, however, the division of the city, which led to the opening for the first time in the Cold War confrontation between East and West. The Allied Control Council was to secure the cooperation of the occupying forces in March 1948, the Soviet representatives to these meetings, but not anymore.
While most of the city council moved to West Berlin was the SED in East Berlin, where he settled on 11/30/1948 under his leadership, the "New Town Hall. In the same year the Soviet armed forces blocked in response to the currency reform in western and west Berlin for nearly a year of construction of main access routes to the West Sector of the Western allies, therefore, the famous "Luftbrücke" West Berlin. Drawings This airlift is known as raisin bombers, as it reduced the children candy. East Berlin became the capital of the German Democratic Republic and the seat of government.
While the border between the two German states impermeable boundaries in the area of Berlin was kept for four-power status still wide open. The two parts of the city developed by the different political systems and the resulting differences in living conditions, as well as all levels of life in West Berlin. However, there were just under 277 in the crossing from east to west in the western portion of shopping or study, as it was in the transitions up to chance alone. In 1949, Wilhelm Pieck, who was elected president of the German Democratic Republic.
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